Native lands acknowledged by institutions occupying it today

examples of public recognition of Native lands underlying today's economy, 12/2020

 Since late 2019 there has been the occasional public statement of recognition by event hosts and by institutional organizations that the land presently being used did first belong to native peoples at the time of contact with outsider (non-native) immigrants. What typically was held in common for all generations of that indigenous community in various ways was traded, purchased, deeded by treaty, or simply taken by force of arms or threat of harm. That is not to say that the named society tied to a given landscape was timeless ever since the most recent ice-age retreated 10,000 years ago; or that indigenous groups did not displace each other through agreement, by conflict, or in a slow drift of incremental changes in environment and series of  small events. 

The public acknowledgements that appear footnoted on websites, are declared during an event rollcall of sponsors and thank-yous, or show up in email signature lines since 2019 are part of a growing awareness of the injustice coming from undermining a Commons system of land use incidentally, on purpose, or through carefully calculated design. Infiltrating an individual title holder concept of legal control of land ownership that can be commodified to market values has led to many positive planetary changes (for humans at least), as well as harms to the natural environment and social landscape.

It will be interesting to see if similar practices appear in the corporate sector, in local government (perhaps laying open liability for restoration, for careful reviews of historical treaties), or even at military installations both active and mothballed. As the #BLM (Black Lives Matter) movement expands and strengthens, sparking public awareness of injustice not limited to people of African ancestry, this public acknowledgement of historical abuses of Native people with real-life and ongoing consequence could conceivably come to be normal, expected, and potentially obligatory. In so doing, the risk may be reduced of slipping off track into the tangle of Political Correctness that glibly discounts ideas, words and deeds driven by public image and peer approval instead of motivated by integrity. With public statements to respect the prior cultural landscape of meaning and land uses, light is reflected back to illuminate modern, mechanized, and de-personalized consumer society. If such a change in buying and selling, social relations, and worldview comes to pass, then these early acknowledgements from 2019 will be seen as modest but powerful levers of change - not just in English-speaking countries, but world-wide wherever indigenous ways of life cling to the land and waters.

Special LEGO exhibition at Grand Rapids Public Museum in 2020

 

The giant LEGO honey bee suspended overhead in the foyer of the Grand Rapids Public Museum is a vivid example of the wondrous sculptures and dioramas created for display in the special exhibition starting in fall 2020. This video clip starts with the scale model of the hosting museum itself, adjacent to the (LEGO) Grand River, made from more than 4,000 pieces of the colorful plastic building materials. Then the camera turns to show the larger-than-life bee above.

Seeing both the miniature LEGO museum in its plexiglass case and the honey bee brings to mind several thoughts: the creative impulse to make such things, the faint whiff of irony that the honey bee representation is made from the petroleum product that modern life depends on but which also has led to habitat degradation and destruction that accelerates loss of bee populations, the nature of public engagement and awareness, including the role that museums play for sparking interest in the natural world and forming relationships between humans and all the other creatures sharing the planet. Not everyone coming to the museum will pay the separate admission to the LEGO exhibition, but for those who do browse the sculptures and dioramas, the intricacy of the models and creativeness of the makers will make an impression. But it is an open question with unclear answers to know whether new curiosity will arise, new respect will develop for non-human creatures and their habitats, and by extension an increase in awareness for the consequence of personal consumption assumptions and expectations will occur.

While the pandemic rages in Michigan the museum controls the number of visitors by online (or telephone) reservation of admission tickets and member passes accepted each day. In this video clip some of the visitors queued at the admission desk show their face masks. Perhaps this heightened microbe consciousness from the sustained health mandates from the Michigan health department will contribute slightly to greater public curiosity of the natural world, scientific tools and logic, and renewed respect for facts supported by data instead of 'gut feeling' or the hubris of bald claims made in loud, politically motivated performances that Donal J. Trump incarnates.

 An album of G.R.P.M. photos and video clips can be seen at https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/albums/72157717510759343

Getting to know whales by museum engagement

 At the Grand Rapids Public Museum in downtown Grand Rapids, Michigan there is an impressive display of a mature Finn whale killed around 1900 and later donated by the private owner near Jackson, Michigan to the museum, where it is suspended about 35 or 40 feet above the main floor hallway. In the past year or two a large video display (twin monitors about 10 feet apart and mounted in portrait orientation to accommodate visiting groups) has been added.

 

The animated scene shows a mature Finn whale swimming along with accompanying text (and voice) in both English and Spanish on a continuous playback loop, first one language loop and then the other. It would be interesting to document the bi-lingualization of the permanent exhibitions here: how the decision came about, how visitor native-language was surveyed, how the content was edited (native speaker or team of speakers? online machine translation? Castilian Spanish or one of the varieties of the Western Hemisphere?)

Some of the facts on the screen concern daily diet of krill, organ size (tongue of 18 feet, heart, brain, and so on). This video clip shows part of the recording in Spanish when biological facts are given. The animation illustrates each organ singled out by showing the steady beat of the whale's tail, but instead of the skin view or the skeleton view in motion, now we see the organs specified in the description, all the while moving as if in motion.

The large video screens are mounted low enough for 5-year olds to approach the display before looking overhead to the ceiling where the skeleton hangs. For the generations accustomed to video animation, this kind of window into knowledge, spectacle, and curiosity is normal and natural and desirable. But for people over the age of 35 or 40 it still seems a little futuristic to find a multimedia production of such high quality outside of a movie theater. 

No matter if the digital presentation seems normal or seems futuristic, though, it does seem to attract passing visitors to pause long enough to figure out what is being described. Then they either drift to the next visual hook, or settle in, prepared for the full course of what is being told. In the end, some visitors satisfy a small appetite for marine biology and others expand their appetite. What was little known, rarely experienced, or not even wondered about across the wide oceans' leviathans now has come alive, if only for a short while under the shadow of the overhead whale. Through such things as museums, stories from people in one's world or those seen on TV and online, little by little the relationship and knowledge of life on Earth grows. Of course, the exact character of the human to non-human relationship changes across history as technology makes possible wider and deeper experiences, and then there is variation according to language/culture (worldview, livelihood traditions, and so on), too. Meantime the encroaching human life endangers the habitat for all other forms of life. So there is more frequent intersection of human and wild things, some of which are endangered or one step away from extinction.

Notes from polling precinct 3 November 2020 USA General Election

 

scenes early morning and later afternoon in Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505

Pandemic and relatively recent voting law changes in this state to allow "no reason absentee voting" resulted in something like 3 million ballots around Michigan's 83 counties being voted by mail, drop off at the respective county clerk office or its designated dropbox(es), or in some cases "early voting" at the counter of the clerk's office. So even after the in-person, conventional voting period from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. ended and each of the 76 precincts in the city of Grand Rapids transmitted their results electronically (and by paper and duplicating SD card delivery to the tabulating headquarters), still the results could not be concluded while the many mail-in and absentee votes were being tabulated by an army of workers. While states like Florida allowed early votes to be processed in the days ahead of the precinct in-person voting, the Republican-controlled legislation in Michigan refused to allow any processing ahead of time with the exception of jurisdictions of 25,000 or more residents. In that case the outer envelope could be opened 24 hours before the voting day.

These photos show a few of the scenes at a 1928 neighborhood elementary school vacated by the pandemic so that children are relegated to online connection to teachers and peers. The day begins with crews delivering the voting equipment the day before and then the poll worker chairperson opening the door to fellow workers at 5:45 a.m. to begin setting up the gymnasium polling place starting at 6 a.m. and then declaring "The polling place is now open" at 7:00 a.m. In this case about 5 voters keen to be at the head of the line had arrived a hour before that official start time. But very soon the line ran from the first station (writing name, address, date of birth) for application to vote, all along the hallway and out the door, over the sidewalk leading the roadside and all along that streetside sidewalk for a total length of perhaps 80-90 yards.

There are 2594 voters in this precinct (maximum of 2999 per precinct by law): on this day at this precinct 763 voted in person, of which 1 man did not accept the mask offered him; another had a health condition precluding mask-wearing. All others waited in mask, mostly silently. Some people engaged with their smartphone in texting, reading, gaming, or with earbuds connected for music, recorded book, news, or podcast. The first 2 hours were long, long, long lines socially spaced, requiring about 90 minutes from lining up to leaving the polling place. By noon there was just a 10-minute wait thanks to a helpful "challenger" (party-appointed and registered observer) who called in 6 cardboard booths to supplement the 7 that had been assigned. From noon to 8 p.m. things faded away until just 200 or so arrived in dribs and drabs in those final 6-7 hours. Impressionistically, it seemed like many women under the age of 35 showed up in person and a certain proportion of retired people, too. One of the young women sported a Trump-branded face mask, which is disallowed on the polling premises. So she was politely asked to reverse it, which she did. The seven assigned poll workers never flagged during the 14 hours. When all was tidied up and signatures showing full-day work, certifying all steps fulfilled, and so on, then the chairperson and 1 of the others made the drive downtown to the headquarters to deliver the data and supplies. So their day was even longer than for the others.

In the 2016 vote when there was no pandemic and before Michigan's "no reason absentee" voting, the election DJ Trump brought 800+ voters to this same precinct in person. For the 2020 General Election maybe half the votes (still being counted at DeVos Hall downtown) were early or dropbox or mailed in. So the total number of ballots seems to be more than in 2016. For poll workers 14 hours makes for a long day. When greeted or directed to the entry door, several voters remarked "this is my first time to vote." In some ways the shiny hallway, silent lines, solemn context stirred by in the frenzy of mass media and online-targeted user campaign advertising contributed to the whole experience being quasi-religious or civic ritualistic.

Intersections of religion and government of society

A week or two before the November 3, 2020 General Election in USA

 

Most yard signs in the month or two before a national election are concerned with supporting one party or the other, with a few in support of neither Republican or Democratic parties and instead promoting the names and websites of third-party candidates such as Libertarians, Green Party, and so on. And for the Trump versus Biden campaign season, a few pun-worthy signs use text or visual jokes to make the point in support of one side or the other: Biden spelled "Bye Don" (as in Donald J. Trump), or the one showing a swoosh of dyed orangey-blonde hair to stand for Trump in which the word NOPE is spelled out in large letters and the "O" stands for the head of the President and the colored swoosh adorns the top to stand for trademark hair. A variation on this negation of Trump substitutes NOPE with NAH.

This photo, though, takes a completely different approach. It does not identify either the candidate for the Democratic Party or the Republican one. Instead it uses the symbol-colors of both main parties (red =Republican; blue =Democratic), which coincidentally signal the USA national flag (rectangular and with red, white, and blue as bars and a sprinkling of stars, as well). The this sign puts forward the candidate that rises above either Biden or Trump. It is Jesus of Nazareth, crucified about 1990 years ago and said to have risen from the dead, according to believers. 

Without asking the owner of the yard sign about the reasons to obtain and plant it here, it is hard to know exactly what it asserts, but it does seem to be a way that is partly humorous (suggesting that Jesus could be a write-in presidential candidate) and partly serious about seeking to overcome divisiveness from demonizing and dehumanizing people who do not support your own candidate. News commentators have talked about casting a vote for the person who seeks to unite the many communities: choose the country, not the (cult of) personality. "Choose country loyalty over party loyalty," as the commentators have phrased the matter of voting this week.

addendum: One writer looks into the origins of the message in Alabama and concludes this is a veiled message of Trump brutalism, https://gen.medium.com/the-story-behind-those-jesus-2020-signs-76e620bf2a52

Ambiguity - the same glass half-empty and half-full; political signage, too

Corner lot on town center highway expresses political support 10/2020

First came the yard signs, then more recently the Hallowe'en decorations appeared on the house and around the lawn. Putting the skeleton in juxtaposition with the biggest sign could have several interpretations. Probably this supporter of the incumbent White House resident intended to make the display seasonally fitting with the custom of lawn decoration rather than to suggest an astute political meaning. And yet, the 215,000 deaths as of early October 2020 caused by the elected leader's lack of leadership seems to fit well with the banner: Trump 2020 truly does produce skeletons.

The same double meaning seems to come from the foreground yard sign, "How Many Seniors"? The picture of the Michigan Governor overlays the 'O' in SENI*RS. The hashtag says "Whitmer Death Toll." Probably the sign designer intended to criticize the executive orders to restrict visits to nursing homes and other institutions that support elderly residents. And yet, ironic like the earlier example, it is due to the Governor's leadership that so few elderly have died from pandemic complications. Critics of the restrictions want freer access for themselves to visit loved ones, which provides a transmission vector to kill those same loved ones.

In the middle of the photo, in front of the large Trump sign is one that says "My governor is an idiot." Curiously the sign designer made the largest letters spell IDIOT. For passing drivers unable to pause and puzzle out the entire message, only IDIOT can be recognized at first glance. The result is that the sign could be interpreted to self-label the occupant of the house. Related, the root of the word idiot is IDIO, the core of words like idiosyncratic, idiomatic, idiocentric, and ID (Id, Ego, Superego). So 'idio' means self. Idiocentric means self-centered. Taken literally, "idiot" means a person concerned only with self, not others. And while the person erecting the yard sign is pointing a finger toward the Michigan governor ostensibly, ironically the person seems to point at himself or herself: a self-centered person who sees the world  not as a team sport but as an individual one. Self is all that matters and any attempt to govern for the Common Good infringes on Self.

Taking the point about diametrically opposing interpretations of a sign, slogan, or criticism even further, the tidal wave of irony in just about everything coming from the mouth of Donald J. Trump and his acolytes is astounding. Jibes about an adversary's incompetence so often seem to fit the one issuing them. Cries of foul just as easily seem to apply to the one crying. It should give a person pause to see how readily one intended message can backfire or amplify irony so that the meaning seems self-referential rather than to stick to an opponent. This proliferation of irony and obfuscation is a species of doublespeak: saying one thing but meaning the reverse. But then, so nimble are human minds that meaning can be imagined or extracted from the barest of source material. Rationalizations can prop up a decision or action that began from emotional responses. Very likely this ability to find contradictory meanings or sniff out hypocrisy has allowed social life for so many generations and in so many languages and habitats.

Indian headdress where water meets land in west Michigan

Near the Grand River's delta into Lake Michigan are many bayous: lawn ornament.

In many parts of USA until the 1990s or 2000s sometimes a cast-iron and smartly painted African-American lawn figure dressed in the livery of a carriage driver or attendant could be seen. Originally some of these were sold with large metal ring in the hand as a convenient anchor point for a horse rider to secure her or his horse when visiting the property owner. Still today there are a few left here and there at relics rather than tie-ups for people who travel by horse, but there are not so many of the cast-iron figurines as before.

The photo on this page is much less common, since the subject is an imagined representative for Native Americans (men). And yet the prestigious headdress in not universal, but pertains to a place and time among only certain societies. Similar to the coachman or carriage attendant described above, this lawn figurine is diminutive and non-threatening to the owners, their guests, and neighbors. Apart from its physical properties, what might be meant by the property owner positioning it far from the house (top left of the photo) near the place that water meets land, facing the approach to the house?

Without talking to the residents and neighbors, it is hard to know which meanings are foremost, and what significance is indirectly expressed at the same time. But here are a few lines of meaning that could potentially intersect in 2020 at this location near Grand Haven, Michigan.

1. Heritage: perhaps the owner has some lineage connected to the Plains Indians.
2. Honor: perhaps the owner has no personal stake, but studies deeply and respects the Native ways of life then and now.
3. Habit: perhaps the owner today is following an earlier generation's lawn decorating decision and maintains the property's look little changed from the 1970s or 1950s.
4. Satire or parody: perhaps the owner sees a conflicted double-meaning. The injustices of past and present are given a visual reminder, even as the pop culture attaches heroic or noble symbolized meanings.
5. Abstracted aspirations: taking the figure to stand for many appealing things, instead of as a person in a social setting and moment of history, perhaps the owner chooses this figure from the lawn ornament retail lot to symbolize things like: living off the land, unfettered by tax collectors, judicious, wise, ancient, embodiment of 'liberty', strong and governed by integrity.
6. Class project: perhaps the owner or family or friend created the statuette as art project and this is the display space it occupies now from that day to today.

Grocery patriotism a month after Independence Day

Sunday afternoon grocery shopping in the peanuts, dried fruit, snack section.

Although the waist-level grab shot makes the Star-spangled Banner look very large, in fact this is the normal retail size that homeowners display on poles attached to the front of their house. Since this instance is indoors and cannot flutter in the breeze, the supporting structure holds the full rectangular shape rigidly unfurled.

The range of possible intentions by the grocery-store corporate headquarters, or the local branch store manager could be one or more meanings. Without probing in conversation, though, here are a few ways to interpret this public display on private property indoors, listed in no particular order of significance.

1. Initiated around the time of the July 4th national holiday in celebration of the Declaration of Independence from the colonial powers in London, this show of The Colors is a traditional sight, albeit normally outdoors instead of in the food rows.
2. Ever since the pandemic arrived at the end of winter season, little by little the small and large impositions on people of all ages and social circumstances has led to tension and irritability, tribal outbursts and blaming one another. So perhaps this national unity statement is a reminder that all citizens (and tacitly, too, the undocumented non-citizens) are members of the same team.
3. At the risk of overthinking the possible primary or secondary meaning, maybe what began as traditional July 4 exhibition has slowly taken on a new meaning as the federal government, starting with the POTUS, has failed to lead a response to Covid-19, including the Black Lives Matter movement, and will soon face the November election, preceded by the August Primary Election. Thus this flag might be a visual reminder to shoppers that times are bad for life expectancy, for social interaction, and for economic livelihoods and therefore it is time to elect fellow citizens who actually do have leadership credentials, plans, and results demonstrated in their careers.
4. Lastly, and not particularly compelling as a purpose for displaying the national flag, it could well be that this one location in all of the vast store, at shoulder height or higher to most shoppers, is meant as nothing more than a cheerful, comforting, decorative and status-quo declaration: "we were here before, we are here now, and we will be open for business tomorrow, too."

Gay pride flag on display with the national flag

most days the flags fly in the front yard along this busy street in Grand Rapids, MI

Flags serve many purposes and appear in diverse settings in connection with personal, corporate, local, state, regional, national, and international organizations or events. Like the verb for marking or setting apart a thing, "to flag" draws a person's attention to something important; something that carries significance, often something intangible but present and real.

Searching the past few years of my photo/video uploads and commentary, there have been at least 66 examples with the keyword 'flag' attached. And a few previous blog compositions come to mind, too. Most instances come from USA, but there are other locations and subjects, too:

Shredded USA flag (retired some months later), https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/45577566424/

Fast-food public display, https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/29716417247/

Cemetery dressed for national holiday, https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/42419459411/

International flags at Amway Corp., https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/49543044207/

Shrine in rural Japan, https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/37230805966/

National holiday flag display in Japan, https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/36513232865/

Campus international flags in China, https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/50083306786/

Sandwich packaging in Britain, https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/49542917481/

Flying the flag at home, http://www.flickr.com/photos/gpwitteveen/3985554820/

''Police lives matter" blue flag, https://anthroviews.blogspot.com/2020/07/star-spangled-blue-banner.html

Annual display of flag to commemorate September 11 attacks,
https://anthroviews.blogspot.com/2009/10/flags-and-feelings.html


Today's photo, above, shows a neatly kept lawn with crisp national and gay pride flags flying high. Leaving aside the variety of personal and collective meanings and applications of the national flag, and without polling a variety of responses from the passers-by here and the people who live in the house, let us consider some of the meanings that go along with hoisting this flag alone or together with the national flag.

The pattern of the gay pride flag itself has a history, no doubt, and has come to its widely recognized position after many other local designs had been tried. In general, the average person may associate the rainbow with several meanings: a rare thing of wonder and beauty to brighten one's day unexpectedly, a phenomenon comprised of many distinct colors that forms a larger composite, something non-threatening. Each of these interpretations or associations can transfer to the subject of LGBTQ relationships. As a public statement or declaration the rainbow flag is eye-catching, unmistakable, and attractive. For viewers with strong opinions for or against the lives that the flag references - whether it is sexual orientation of the flag owners, someone among family or friends, or none of the above, but meant as a statement of solidarity -- the recognition of the familiar rainbow can go beyond the characteristics of eye-catching, unmistakable, and attractive, to trigger emotional responses that are strongly positive or strongly negative. Meanwhile, for people in-between who have neither strong opinions for and against the flag and its reference, the most remarkable thing about it may be limited to visual or surface reactions, not any particular emotional response.

Little by little the rainbow design has been adopted here and there, visible in Pride Marches in cities around the world in more and more countries, societies, and languages. As a badge or emblem it appears in many forms besides flags. But the concept of a flag carries particular meanings: conventional aspect ratio and contexts of public display lend it a quality of being official (carrying authority), accepted, and authorized. Flags are associated with boundaries, borderlands, and belonging within a group (in-group versus out-group). And flags by the nature of public, prominent, visible display assert something. They are not quiet or passive. They wave and they are held high so as to be seen at a distance. So the physical qualities, the social context, and the cultural traditions for flags contribute to the Gay Pride Movement. The extent to which "gay" is inclusive of L*G*BTQ may be known to people concerned with making distinctions, but for less informed viewers probably the rainbow flag stands everyone claiming a place among the acronym's five letters.

Seasonal foods for sale - neighborhood grocery store

In most parts of the USA it is the large national chains of food-plus-general merchandise "super" markets that attract most buyers as a one-stop solution to products for sale. Particularly in urban centers there are "food deserts" where there is no place to buy edibles not processed or ready-to-eat. Things designed for human consumption can be bought at convenience stores and gas stations. Fast food restaurants proliferate since profits can be had in urban centers with commuters and other temporary consumers on the ground during the day. But for residents, it is common to find no full service grocery store.

By contrast, this photo shows a store operating for generations in the city of Grand Rapids where shoppers can buy a wide range of fresh foods, knowing that the store's buying team constantly seeks local businesses to source the foods. The price is higher than the mass scale, low-margin business model for the national and regional huge floor plans of supermarkets. But enough people nearby this store are willing to pay for the flavor from freshly harvested produce and locally raised meat animals that this business is sustained.

locally sourced fruit, vegetables, and meat is part of the business model here

The weekly sign changes first thing every Sunday to advertise what is promoted with special pricing for the coming seven days. At the end of July the list includes Michigan cherries, blueberries, tomatoes, leaf lettuce varieties, in addition to chicken (breast). A smaller sign in the corner of the parking lot in the distance can be seen between the uprights of the big sign. It lists sweet corn for sale at 2 ears for $1.

The brick building in the background is one of the fire stations in the city of Grand Rapids. Sometimes the navy blue uniformed fire-fighters can be seen in the checkout line after they walk across the parking lot to buy a sandwich or other things to eat or drink. During the 2020 pandemic most customers readily began wearing masks early on, when trips indoors were recommended to include face-masks. Now there is a statewide order for all retail customers and workers to wear face coverings of some kind, so compliance is 100% by casual survey, looking around the premises.

Outdoor movie night hosted at church parking lot

Summer get-together during Covid-19 pandemic, masks at hand, as needed

Here and there the cars park to face the inflatable movie screen and sound system. The closest space is cordoned off for people to arrange their chairs without any worry about cars being in the way. Before the sky darkened enough for the digital projector to fill the screen, a rock and roll trio of church members played a few sets of pop songs as church members, friends, and members of the general public began to arrive and socialize, either with masks (especially those with their own health problems, or anxious about any risk caused by bringing Covid-19 back home to others or infecting co-workers) or by keeping approximately 6 feet between each other.

As the pandemic overtook this county seat in middle February, the church's liturgical calendar was complicated by the need to close the building. Fairly soon their leadership arrived at a solution involving drive-in worship: people isolate themselves in their car or truck, then tune into the low-power FM signal on their phone or car radio to listen to whoever is at the microphone, sometimes broadcasting from indoors and sometimes from outdoors. Initially things were restricted to outdoor, in-car, gatherings. Then the Michigan governor made incremental changes to the emergency orders and gatherings out of doors up to 100 persons (in masks) developed. At one point limited indoor worship also was permitted with distancing, masking, and limiting the exposure time. These days there are some worshipers who scatter themselves widely among the pews inside and others in their cars at the worship hour on Sunday mornings. The worship leader makes an effort to broadcast from both indoors and outdoors over the course of the service so that everyone has a chance to see him in person, rather than hearing only a disembodied voice.

The logistics of serving the sacrament of communion was a challenge to overcome. Eventually, they created individual serving size packets for each person taking the communion. The commercial ones use grape juice instead of wine (grape juice that has been fermented). So in the interest of conforming to pre-pandemic customs of using wine, the church crew prepares their own individual serving size packets.

This photo is taken soon after the movie began. The wide-angle lens exaggerates the small dimension of the projector screen. In fact it is the size of a very small house side. All together there were  perhaps 50-70 people attending of all ages, mostly adults, many of them retired or nearing retirement age. By way of concessions for sale, a brightly painted and lit up ice-cream truck was open for business to the left of this frame, near the church entrance. A table on the porch of the church had pop-corn and soft-drinks on offer, too. The evening music group with amplified speakers was playing near the corner nearest the church and movie screen.

Everybody seemed especially grateful for the chance to mingle informally in the warm summer evening, either unmasked and keeping their distance from each other, or standing at the pre-pandemic accustomed "personal space" of 3-4 feet apart.

Covid-19 dramatics for (backyard) cabaret

part of "backyard cabaret" hosted by Grand Rapids residents for friends or neighbors

A dozen or two cars lined the quiet residential street to enjoy outdoor, socially distanced snacks and b.y.o.b. drinks ahead of the evening's contracted performance with some of the city's local theater production company actors. Before the pandemic the Grand Rapids Civic Theater performed downtown regularly throughout the year to season subscribers and to one-time ticket buyers. As well, the city had at least one stand-up comedy location. But with public indoor gatherings of more than a handful of people no longer allowed because of the risk of transmitting the virus between asymptomatic spreaders in particular, some of the thespians launched "backyard cabaret" with brief sketches, song, and commentary for private performance at the host's house. Apart from the novelty of professionals appearing at one's home and repurposing the deck as a stage, there is the great satisfaction that comes from supporting the arts locally and engaging peers invited for the evening, too. Perhaps from the performer's point of view, as well, there is some degree of satisfaction in performing on the "small stage," after all. It would be interesting to know how widely this (business) model is happening around the country and indeed around the world.

Star-spangled (blue) banner

National USA flag imitated with no red stripes (downtown Grand Rapids, MI 7/2020)

The black and white U.S. flag with a single blue line in the middle of the field appears in front of people's houses here and there. An early June essay at The Marshall Project discusses this version of the flag with reference to the intensified scrutiny and protest over police abuse of black and brown-skinned people since late May 2020. What originally was imagined as a visual expression of police solidarity is being seen by others as symbol of White Supremacy agitators.

The reason to snap this photo, though, is not to mull over the specific case of the monochrome banner containing a thin blue line, but to reflect on the more general practice of co-opting this national symbol for narrow, sometimes personal, uses. During the 1970s and around the time of the bi-centennial in 1976 , especially, there was a lot of pop art and commercial use of the readily recognized combination of red and white stripes and the white stars that comprise the Star-spangled Banner. Motorcycle helmets, knickknacks, wallpaper, paint schemes on muscle cars, badges, cake decoration, and underwear like this could be bought or made. Now more than 40 years later the splintering of TV channels and (online) news sources and alternative schools has led to the tribal divisions that group people into communities sometimes defined by what they are not and emphasizing difference to others instead of being concerned with commonalities and common cause that everyone shares a stake in.

This black and blue likeness of the USA national flag seems to say that the "thin blue line" (uniformed members of local police departments) is what connects and holds together the halves (and the "haves" and have nots) of the displayed flag and by symbolic extension also the halves of the whole country itself: social order that comes from firmly enforcing laws, no matter if those codes are written well or poorly. Taking a similar approach of appropriating this national (and thus diversely shared and experienced) symbol for public display, school teachers could claim a key role in the life and future of the society. So could tax collectors, farmers, truck drivers, and car repair professionals. Taking a different theme from the occupational one, political factions might want to claim that only their way of seeing the world can be good for the country. A riff on the national flag could then express their own self-appreciation. Maybe most foundational of all, as William Ross Wallace put it in his 1865 poem, "the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world." By that estimation, the national flag should be interpreted to express the abiding presence of mothers and the very most formative child development years.

Seeing the flag in this photo displayed on the top of a pole in downtown residential Grand Rapids could be a private statement of support for friends, family, or neighbors who devote their working lives to the various roles within the police department in this city or elsewhere. Or maybe it is a larger statement about Law and Order as the basis for human relationships in the public arenas of commerce, communication, and cultural expression. Without talking at length with the person displaying the flag it is hard to know the shape and size of the meaning that the flag holds in this one instance. Perhaps it is most of all a reflection of this generational moment or historical intersection of events, ideas, and personalities that has no parallel in other societies or even around the USA at other points in history. But one thing is certain, because that flag has appeared in domestic and foreign places in private gatherings and public occasions, the meanings are many and the image is readily recognizable.

It is a rich source of meanings which can be harnessed for individual, organizational, or (inter)national purposes. Seeing it on this morning brings to mind a distant recognition: ah, that looks  familiar, except that this flag has drained away the full-color form to give only black and white, along with one stripe of blue. It may express a truth or the lived experience among past, present, and future employees of police departments, but for people without this direct connection, the original red stripes and blue field for the 50 stars to represent all citizens somehow is muted into black and white. Only the blue stands out in that flag; all else is diminished by comparison.

We Are One - so says the sign, but one what?

About 7 weeks on display: since pandemic week 4 in Michigan [17 June 2020]

Both sides of the sandwich board give the same bold assertion. Such a short, direct statement is powerful and unambiguous. And yet there may well be several interpretations carried by the message at the same time, depending on the state of mind when a person notices the streetside note. The location is about 2 miles north of Grand Rapids city center in west Michigan on a major traffic route for local travel. So even when most people obeyed the Governor's directive to "stay home, stay safe" there were still cars traveling up and down this route. And people on foot or bike who complied with the guidance on social distancing also pass this way from time to time.

The ALL CAPS is a typographic emphasis similar to shouting or speaking in a loud enough voice for people far away to be able to hear the message. The choice of this shade of blue may signify something, too: neither is this color a somber dark navy or official looking tone, nor is it cheerfully light-hearted sky blue. Instead the color is somewhat light (not taking itself too seriously or self-righteously) while still displaying a slightly muted aspect (in respect for those harmed by the Covid-19 disease directly, or by harm to their livelihoods and social/psychological vitality).

As for the text itself, "one" implies shared destiny and shared present conditions and shared past experiences. It does not insist that everyone is alike or should be uniform in their lives; only that unity in relation to the threat posed by the pandemic is a unifier. "We" is inclusive, like "one," as well. Unlike "me and you and they over there," the subject "we" encompasses one and all together, no matter the deep or the surface differences. "Are" is a state of being; the present moment; the state of existing in time and place. Taken all together the intent seems to be encouraging one another with a message of the present and a promise of the future. By extension the message suggests, therefore, that each person should express responsiveness and bear responsibility for one's fellows in need of small or big help now (and extending indefinitely into the future). "Be your brother's keeper," is the message, to reference a Bible passage.

People with friendly, optimistic, or trusting disposition may accept the message at face value: yes, OK, we all will manage to sustain our economy and social and spiritual life during and after the pandemic. On the other hand, people who have not been sustained or rewarded or respected by The System of social services, attitudes, abuses, and injustices may take a different interpretation of "WE are ONE" (but excluding selected categories of people who do not fit our preferences, ideals, or mental image of belonging together). In other words, whereas many readers see the message as hopeful and encouraging; a proclamation or permission to go out of one's habits and way of doing things in order to care for others, in the eyes of other readers the message repeats a set of exclusions so that only certain people who meet particular conditions can be included in the declaration. Such is the flexibility of meaning, rationalization, and us/them distinctions reproduced one relationship at a time. Even if the sign-painter authored a statement intended to be inclusive, some readers may take exception and define "we" in their own image alone. Other readers, accustomed to being excluded or cut-off from some relationships, social capital, and other opportunities in the community may well see the message as yet another assertion of moral superiority or otherwise exclusionary movement. In the end, each instance of noticing another person's distress and responding (or ignoring) will make the full meaning of the signboard apparent.

Drive-by birthday recognition to thwart Covid-19 transmission

friends and relatives make this little girl's 4th birthday memorable at a distance

Wearing a tutu and tiara, and accompanied by a pink chariot bearing "princess" on it, this little girl and her family waved and shouted as each of the cars in queue rolled up to the house, rolled down their windows (some wearing face/nose masks), and voiced their appreciation of this special day to focus on the star attraction, the Birthday Girl.

This was at 1 p.m. on a Saturday when the chirping birds and distant hum of lawnmower sound was shattered by a few mega-decibel police patrol cars with flashing lights leading the procession. The participating parade cars staged themselves a block away in the parking lot of an empty elementary school, closed since middle March by order of the Governor, along with the rest of the state of Michigan. Then one by one each car approached, one with a disco-beat version of the Happy Birthday theme or melody, and some held out cards or packages for the parents to collect (maybe to sanitize or quarantine for 72 hours to keep the coronavirus from transmitting). One or two cars parked after making their pass so that the riders could get a little closer to the family, while maintaining the 6 foot cordon from each other.

This photo shows one car with a helium balloon in the shape of a Happy Face sticking out from the rear passenger window. Other cars displayed hand-made posters and other signage to wave out the window or attach to the glass. A display table holds some of the gifts and what looks to be an older sibling enjoys the day, as well, knowing that each member of the family gets special attention in their turn.

Some commentators and interviewees on the radio programs have pointed out the possible bad effect from keeping school children cooped up, at a distance from peers. A touchless, socially distant "normal" non-verbal communication, and the heightened germ awareness of all surfaces will play out in the developmental cycle of young lives in many unexpected ways, no doubt. And the huge disparity between rich, middle, and poor countries; as well as within a single society, will also present a range of Covid-19 habits and expectations, too.

All this mayhem from a micro-organism! But then yeast is a small creature that affects life vastly, too. And then there was the vast swatch of death and economic collapse from the waves of Black Death pestilence, blood-borne or the aerosol, pneumonial type from 1348 onward.

Funerial social distance, May 13 west Michigan

Late afternoon Wednesday more than a dozen people gathered at the burial ground next to the hole in the ground that had been prepared for interment. Most were wearing masks to keep from transmitting the water droplets of their breath or talking or praying or singing or crying. A line of personal automobiles lined the access lane to the left of this picture taken at the streetside western boundary to the cemetery. The graveyard appears to be city owned, since the municipal symbol appears at the entrance road and the bright yellow vehicles in this photo belong to the city: backhoe to excavate the sandy ground, and the hydraulic liftbed truck to hold the sand to be returned to the grave after the body of the deceased is laid to rest.

click image for larger display: black hearse bearing the casket at left (5/2020)

At the end of the ceremony the bereaved family and friends stepped to the side to allow the liftbed truck to line up and the workers to guide the stream of backfill into the grave, burying the casket for all time. Then the mourners arranged some hanging baskets (on the ground for now and later to be retrieved as memory of the occasion to be cared for and displayed at home), as well as wreath stand. Each of the attendees left a single cut spring flower to dress the grave.

With the precautions to minimize transmission of the coronavirus during this pandemic, in addition to most people wearing masks, for the most part everybody kept their distance from each other (social distancing) - about six feet. At least one group photo was taken, though, in which some of the people pushed together to fit into the composition frame. According to radio reporting, funeral parlors have allowed visitors to pay their last respects at set intervals to keep physical distance and time gaps between each person. And in churches, too, funeral attendees have been limited to remote viewing (online streaming or recorded view) and/or physical spacing in the worship hall by blocking some of the pews to create buffers between those seated.

The full-size photo is online at https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/49897923666 and the grave photo is at https://www.flickr.com/photos/anthroview/49898233317

Masked times, Covid 19 grocery shopping

surgical mask (left) and home-made cloth mask (right), ready for next grocery trip

Early March 2020 is when the people in the state of Michigan were instructed to “stay home, stay safe” and venture out only for essential workers (food, medical, car care, dog walking). But around the middle of April all grocery visits were no longer advised but now were required to be made with some form of mask (scarf, bandana, surgical, home-made cloth). This photo dates from the time of obligatory masks.

People remember the pre-Covid-19 social life, carefree about social distancing 6 feet apart (more for athletes breathing heavily). And at the moment people seem to be nonplussed by the normality of seeing everybody in some form of mouth/nose cover. Probably a time will come when only the high-risk people will carry a mask. Perhaps a vaccine will protect them and then most of the pre-virus habits will return. Memory is a fickle thing and all too soon lessons learned and habits formed will be lost to the mists of time. A look back at scenes from the midst of the pandemic will be regarded as alien or outlandish. And yet right now that is the standard practice, the “new normal” for May 2020.

Oil-y, the consumer and civic society with petroleum products

One of 50 pumps across the former gravel pit, now Kent County park. 4/2020

The smell of ancient plant and animal life drawn up to the surface from a pool some depth underground is rich and dark, like the raw petroleum itself that accumulates in a tank farm some distance away. Probably an expert of smells could name a dozen or more olfactory elements that contribute to the complex inhalable cloud of prehistoric earth.

Many of the oil wells scattered discretely around the large county park (Millennium Park) west of the city of Grand Rapids are idle now with the world oil commodity price adversely affected by gamesmanship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation. With a barrel of crude oil selling for $20 or less, the cost to pump, store, and transport it is more than the oil itself is worth now. But this particular well was still running on Thursday, April 16, 2020.

Since early March many of the states around the USA have issued orders for "stay home; stay safe" (self-quarantining) to minimize the travel of people and therefore the transmission of Covid-19. By forcing people all around the world to break their routines of movement and consumption and production, there is time to reflect on status quo Free Trade and Capitalism for the wealthy. But until renewable sources of electrical power take over from the fossil fuel used to make steam to spin the generator turbines, then pumping oil (above) will continue to take place.

Hopefully, the C-19 "stay at home" shock will cause more people to face the impending disaster of sustained extreme weather events, coastal destruction, and the man-made sources of ecosystem loss. Thank goodness for the persuasive reporting, region by region of USA about the expected effects of sustained extreme weather, in the 2014 PDF from Hank Paulson (former US Treasury Secretary) and Michael Bloomberg (former NYC mayor), https://riskybusiness.org/site/assets/uploads/2015/09/RiskyBusiness_Report_WEB_09_08_14.pdf

Covid-19 pandemic, new waste streams

latex glove near city street in Grand Rapids, April 13, 2020

Five months after the Wuhan outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and four weeks after the State of Michigan lockdown of all private enterprise, except food and medicine and car fueling, there are a few signs of the pandemic here in west Michigan's biggest city. Confirmed cases of Covid-19 now in Michigan top 24,000, but many more are contagious and showing few or no symptoms. That same number happens to be the nation-wide death count so far. Half of the known cases in Michigan are Detroit and surrounding counties. So far 1400 people in the state have died from c-19 complications.

Here are some signs of the pandemic. Schools are closed, along with all non-essential business operations. People sometimes park at stores by leaving an interval from the next nearest car. Maybe 1/3 or 1/2 of customers don masks of some kind (commercially produced or homemade or jerry-rigged scarfs, etc) to trap their own breath (inhaling others' water droplets is reduced, too; but one's own expelled droplets are trapped most of all). Recommendations for social distancing at 6 feet apart are expanded for runners and bikers, who create a slipstream of water droplets when they exhale. The above photo shows the wide-spread use of vinyl or latex disposable gloves to use when selecting purchases at retail store, or when grabbing the handle to fill one's gas tank. With so many people unemployed or working from home, few cars fill the streets and highways; wildlife has been observed venturing out more widely than before, too. Those who walk their dogs or exercise do seem to follow the social distancing guidance, having to leave the sidewalk to create distance from oncoming people. Families, friends, book clubs, churches and their small groups, as well as businesses have been using some of the video meeting services to communicate by way of home Internet connections or using cellphone data services. Zoom Meetings have been particularly used a lot for their "one click" ease of use: 40 minute session free, or one person can pay the monthly $15 to obtain "host" credentials (up to 100 simultaneous users and 24 hours of uninterrupted connection per session). Food stores and perhaps other retail operations have installed plexiglass barriers to separate the breath of cashier from customer. Curbside pick-up of recycling and yard trimmings (official yard-waste bags) has been suspended, too.

Imagining the steps leading to more and more restrictions eventually going the other way, loosening up as Covid cases decline, it is hard to know precisely how all these precautions will carefully be dismantled. One radio commentator summarizes the "3 T's" as (1) testing, (2) tracing any flare-ups, (3) treatment that is effective and proven. Only when that infrastructure is in place can the free movement of people and their exhaled water droplets resume; not just in the orbit of the local economy, but also to go longer distances and between countries, too. The whole thing in the aggregate will be uneven, since hotspots differ from the areas most lightly affected. That is true within a particular nation-state, but also globally, with some societies better organized and supplied and informed than others. So long as the virus has a reservoir to reproduce, the risk of pandemic will always be on the horizon. The disruption to the status quo of transporting capital, ideas, people, raw resources and value-added products could lead to new ways of regionalizing or evaluating the things capable of conveying viruses. Recession or sustained recession that results in shrinking the economic pie (depression) may be another multi-faceted legacy of these months now.

Anthropological lens - looking closer at the metaphor

Sometimes the expression, "anthropological lens" or "lens of anthropology," is offered when describing, interpreting, or analyzing a subject by using some of the hallmarks of an anthropological approach: first-person point of view, usually small or interpersonal scale, longitudinal span of time, lots of room for context of language, culture, material culture, environmental particulars, and some attention to the observer's own limitations in the matter.

anthropologists use lenses to document, study, and present; but also figuratively

Perhaps there is is something to see when extending the "lens" metaphor when it comes to engaging in the world as an anthropologist. The most common intention or meaning for mentioning "the anthropological lens" is to alert the reader that now the discussion will dwell on things that anthropologists see when they approach a situation or subject matter (context, point of view, effects of physical, social, linguistic, and symbolic/ideological elements in the person's experience). But extending the idea of a lens, there are wide-angle, normal (human visual experience), and telephoto focal length lenses, each with differing angle of view.

Lenses are built according to the camera's dimension, including its film (or digital sensor) size for recording the image. So for the 35mm film camera a 55mm lens might produce an image that resembles normal human visual experience, neither compressing the distance (magnifying the far away subject) nor shrinking the subject into a wider context. But fitting that same 55mm lens onto a digital camera with a sensor that is only 2/3 the surface area of an individual frame of 35mm roll film means that the lens is producing proportionately more magnification than it does on the film. Therefore the sensor "crops" the middle of that circle of light focused by the lens. In this case the 55mm is perceived by the smaller digital sensor as the equivalent of 85 or 90mm (slightly telephoto magnification).

Even for the same sort of camera there may be several varieties of lens to choose from, newer ones built with the aid of computer calculations and computer assisted polishing and glare-reducing treatments to produce a clearer and brighter result than the older glass. Taking the 55mm lens example for a 35mm film camera (or its equivalent in the world of digital cameras) there could be a newly configured one, the older and maybe heavier one, another specifically meant for macro (close-up) pictures, and one designed for low-light or artful (bokeh) blurring of background. Some have a built-in gyroscope to reduce motion-blur by the photographer's jiggling (image stabilization). A perculiar sort of sense first developed for movie cameras and later sometimes adapted for still photography is the anamorphic lens (recorded 1.33x the width of a scene in 1.0x the available space of the recording film or sensor to be played back or reconstituted for normal perception). Other ways to extend the characteristics of the lens itself include screw-on filters designed to reduce glare, minimize atmospheric haze, correct for specific types of light source (bluish light can be correct to something resembling daylight colors), or reduce the amount of light that reaches the film or sensor. Doing so forces a slower shutter speed, thus capturing some blur of movement; or else attains the correct light exposure instead by making the aperture wider than otherwise would be if not for the neutral density filter (thus narrowing the in-focus depth; its depth of field).

Another distinction among lenses is the different functionality of interchangeable lenses versus fixed lens (permanent mount), and the difference between a lens that has just one measurement (focal length, such as 55mm 'normal' or 20mm wide-angle, expressed relative to 35mm film cameras) and a zoom lens. The optical magnification is expressed by comparing the smaller number to the larger one; for instance, a zoom lens of 100mm to 200mm doubles (200mm is 2x the 100mm, base number). By comparison 25mm to 125mm is a magnification of 5x. In addition to the zoom lens magnification, there is the range of focal lengths that are included: if 55mm is 'normal' then a zoom lens of 25mm to 100mm ranges from wide to moderate telephoto, but a zoom lens of 85mm to 200mm starts at slightly telephoto to full telephoto. By looking at 'normal' the magnification can be understood: 200mm is about 4x the 55mm reference number.

Still another consideration is monocular (camera lens) versus binocular (dual lenses offset to produce stereoscopic imagery). The decades around 1900 saw a wide interest in stereo-photography (stereography). Home subscription to one of the purveyors would bring a monthly selection of scenes from faraway lands, strange events, and news of the day. The twin images would set in a viewing frame for the person's brain to take in the left image and right image and reconstitute the three dimensional subject with full depth perception enjoyed. Modern cinema-goers sometimes watch feature films produced for viewing in 3-D when seen wearing specially filtered "sunglasses" (one eye in blue filter, one eye in red filter).

In summary, when extending the lens metaphor used for looking at a situation like an anthropological social analyst or documentarian does, then there are several dimensions to lenses: size suited to a particular camera body, filtering accessories affecting the image that the lens focuses, magnification (wide, normal, telephoto, specialty), and the effects of aperture on how much of the scene is sharply seen or is blurred incidentally or with artistic intentionality. Closely related to the optics of the lens itself is the matter of composition: what is foregrounded, what is included and excluded in the frame (how wide or narrow the frame is), point of main focus (sharpest part of the image), and exposure decision (producing blurs by accident or on purpose, exposing so the shadow detail is shown even at the expense of bright areas overexposed; or the reverse - careful to record the bright parts of the subject, even at the expense of losing the things shadowed).

In conclusion, "the anthropological lens" is a figure of speech to signal that a long vision and wide but personalized viewpoint particular to anthropology is being invoked by the author. The several attributes of lenses can be explored alone and when coupled to cameras to compose pictures for study, record-keeping, or presentation to others by publication in print or online. Extending the "lens of anthropology" by way of these several attributes shines a light on the variability (not monolithic) of anthropologists' accounts: sure they are recording social observations, but some filter differently to others. Some use a wider angle of view than others. Certain lenses are fixed and applied to all subjects, while others freely change lenses from wide to telephoto, according to the scene. Special situations call for long-exposures that layer movement of several subjects; or time-lapse (compressing long periods into speeded up presentation) or the reverse by slow-motion (moving pictures at high speed to capture the subject in the briefest fraction of a second).

The result is that any two social scientists trained in the traditions of anthropology (Anglophone, Francophone, or any of the many other scholarly communities for anthropology; see World Council of Anthropology Associations) could have congruent or could have very different representation of a particular moment and subject. That does not make one more valuable than the other; indeed, having two visual channels contributes to a compound (stereophonic, stereoscopic) rendering of the subject, whereas a single view from a single fieldwork season and from a single publishing language will give a less vivid account. So, in the same way that lenses affect the compositions produced by them, the same is true of the anthropologist's training and professional path of experiences. Each practitioner's anthropological lens is capable of producing well composed and well focused imagery. No single lens will capture a given subject fully, but being aware of the several attributes that distinguish one lens from another illuminates the ways in which the image presented to the public comes to be shaped.

Cars parked: you can have any color... as long as it's black

Attributed to the father of factory production of horseless carriages, automobiles, this joke pointed to the original mass production decision to mimic fine hand-built buggies and carriages in sleek black paint or lacquer. Most paints, other than black, performed poorly in the powerful light from the sun. In the generations before Henry Ford a great deal of (adult) clothing was in dark colors, including black, too. But 100 years later the technology to paint personal automobiles has advanced and there are many choices of standard color when placing a new car order; in principle a person could place a customized color order, too. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that whoever purchases a new car is expressing an opinion about color preference. Or at least the reverse may be true: the colors that do not sell well communicate to the maker how to revise the number of cars in each color to produce in the future. The interesting point is that predominance of colors varies in each society; possibly within a single country differing by region, as well. What might contribute to this state of affairs?

So many cars in black or white, so few in other colors - what could it mean?

In the life cycle of cars there are the new car buyers who can exercise their desire for particular added features, choice of tire, color and so on. Later the person trades in the car to a dealer, or sells to family or others. The cycle of buying and selling continues until the car is too old or too unreliable (requiring too much care and repair) to attract a buyer, even at low price. Then it could end up in trade in ("we accept cars in trade, functioning or not") or donation to a charity that derives a few dollars in scrap or cannibalized for used parts.

With regard to colors on view in any particular parking lot, the demographic segment that shops there or works there is represented. If most vehicles there are 1-3 years old (new and new'ish), then the color probably was a deliberate factor in the buying decision because part of that transaction was to accept or reject the car present in the showroom or dealer lot, or shown in the database for delivery. And if the vehicles in a parking lot are a mix of new and used, then the choice of color originated upstream at the point of original buyer. Subsequent buyers of the used car will have found the color acceptable to their tastes or needs or requirements, thus indirectly expressing selectivity in color.

This photo comes from the north side of Grand Rapids, Michigan, where cars predominantly can be seen on the road or in parking lots in white or black. There are other colors, of course, and this picture is an extreme case of *no* other colors. But still the predominance of black or white is noticeable. Having spent 1995-2015 in middle Michigan, a rural and suburban town, where a wider range of dark colors and light colors was normal, this predominance of white (too easily shows the dust on country roads and the road grit on city streets; invisible in snow storms) and black (too somber and old-timey) stood out as a minor culture shock.

In the half-dozen years lived in rural Japan since 1984, it is white cars that predominated until around 2012 or so: as much as half or more of personal and fleet cars there came in white. Occasional visits to the UK presented a different mix. Red, white, or blue predominate; occasionally black or some other color (burgundy, silver, dark gray or green) is what buyers select. Thanks to online satellite views, it should be possible to zoom in and record screenshots of parking lots in big cities and small towns for a range of countries where personal automobiles are commonly owned and operated. Surely the mix will not be uniform. But what meaning or meanings might color preference signify? And supposing that clear patterns or at least trends seem to emerge, why could that be relevant or consequential when trying to understand the society and its members?

Back in the 1980s as a college student at the University of Michigan the fall football season brought a wide range of sports fans to the surrounding parking areas nearest to the stadium. The expensive seats (and parking locations) seemed to be filled with fancy cars in dark colors like navy blue and charcoal gray, among others. The rest of the parking spaces had a wider variety of colors and generally older cars, but perhaps there was a slight pattern in that colors were lighter overall (beige, light blue, brown, red). So a working hypothesis at that time was about SES (socio-economic status): managerial class presented themselves in more formal and expensive cars, relative to the others (probably middle-class and maybe alumni/college educated sports fans).

Why all the Japanese owners in Japan driving white cars? A working hypothesis for the 1980s-2010 could be related to the proverbial wisdom of the folk, "出る杭は打たれる" (deru kui wa utareru; variation, deru kugi wa utareru); the nail that sticks out will be pounded back down. In other words, the advice of the generations is not to draw attention to yourself, but instead opt for the standard, normal, unmarked presentation of self. These hypotheses are interesting speculations, but to return to the question: what could patterns of car color reveal about the people (and community) there?

The above photo illustrates the predominance of black or white cars (one neighbor had 4 or 5 white cars and a white truck recently) in the city of Grand Rapids (population 200,000). This city is the biggest on the west side of the state's lower peninsula and historically has welcomed immigrants and resettled refugees sponsored by the many active church communities in the area. The initial waves of immigrants were conservative Dutch rural people in the 1840s-1900. Even 6 or 7 generations later this part of the state is generally socially conservative, too. Perhaps the "black or white" expression of car color is consonant with that worldview and self-concepts or upbringing identities. Religiously affiliated precollege (and college) education is widely supported in the area and church attendance is relatively vigorous in spite of national trends of fewer participants. So as a working hypothesis as of 2020 perhaps there are ways to test (interview, observation and documenting) the following idea:

Suppose that drivers of black cars shun any other color because of a desire to present a serious (or at least someone to be taken seriously and be respected), mature, grown-up, or responsible-member-of-society value (a public-facing person). And by contrast, suppose that drivers of white cars wish to avoid conflict, avoid standing out, avoid attracting attention but instead cling to a private, undisclosed standpoint - like a blank sheet of paper that potentially can carry the Gettysburg Address, a love note, or a shopping list. White can stand for any number of meanings: pure, morally untainted or possibly superior, inoffensive to others, infinite potential to take.just about any form. All this supposition is wildly abstract and unmoored from individual lives and buying decisions. But nonetheless the predominance of white cars and black cars persists. It is not random chance, but the aggregate display of so many individual decisions that comprise a visible result.

Pandemic thoughts - stockpiling food and master narrative

When faced with unknown events, people look for precedent or analogous situations as a ready-made source of how things will play out and where one fits into the sequence of actions and also to know what to be cautious of when seeking to minimize liability and other risk from the situation. The spread of the novel variety of the Corona Virus that causes the disease the experts have named Covid-19 began at the end of 2019 in SW China. As of middle March there are more cases each day in France, Spain, and Italy than in China's epicenter.

Saturday around 6 p.m. on March 14, 2020 in Grand Rapids, MI - bare shelves.

So far in USA the news media has focused on the locations that report confirmed cases; sort of like a weather forecast about where the (known) hot-spots seem to be. Repeated instructions to wash hands and keep them away from eyes, nose, and mouth emphasize the behaviors to break the chain of transmission by water droplets exhaled or coughed onto hard surfaces (72 hours of infection possible; 24 hours on paper or cardboard surfaces). And with the shortage of testing equipment, staff, and infrastructure the message has been that testing to know each region's tally is helpful for administrators who deploy resources efficiently, but whether one's own test is positive or not, the same advice comes into play: avoid contact with other people and treat the symptoms; otherwise just let time heal the infection. If fever is high and breathing difficult, telephone for instructions rather than to arrive and contaminate the clinical settings. But what happens after a person is (confirmed to be) infected? When does a recovered person go  back to "normal life"?

If it is true that children frequently have mild or no symptoms, young and prime-of-life people normally have tolerable symptoms (unless burdened by complicating factors from underlying health condition like high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, and so on), then why should the entire country public and private sector close any public activity and retreat to dispersed (social distancing) configurations of work space and home life? The officially given reason is not to contain the virus, but to slow the rate of infection so that the life-threatening cases can be handled by hospitals, unburdened by surges in admissions of patients. By playing the inpatients across a slower pace and longer span of time, any surges and resulting loss of life can be minimized; the disaster can be mitigated by collective action and for collective benefit. In other words, the central organizing idea for nation-wide, indeed- cross-national coordination of effort and closures and social distancing is meant to preserve life of the vulnerable, including elders (age 60 and older).

Although the public messaging is aimed at individual self-interest, in fact most people in good health are not at risk to die from contracting the virus and letting the cycle of infection run its course. Instead, the coordinated effort and urgent tone of public news briefings and analysis is about the collective dangers to the whole of society. Without an "all hands on deck" approach, including all the public livelihoods like transportation, education, entertainment, dining, worship, hobbies, and workplace interaction, the virus could very quickly inundate all segments of the population and mortally affect the infirm, weak, vulnerable, and so on. By putting on the brakes to virus transmission, many individual lives will be preserved, and all the accumulated knowledge, social capital, and emotional weight can be protected.

The cost of ceasing most all of the normal movement of people and interactions closer than 6 feet of separation is very big since so many hover at the edge of bankruptcy, debt, and so on. Any interruption in health, working hours, and income rapidly destroys social order. In the USA as of March 19 there is rapid legislative action underway to disburse money from the central government to each tax payer and worker. Precise details are not yet confirmed, but the idea is for 1 round of checks in early April and another in early May. But perhaps there is a silver lining in the dark clouds formed by suddenly idling almost all sectors of the economy for an extended period of unknown duration: more people will acknowledge the inter-relatedness of the world economy and within the US society; and that this collective effort may not directly, personally, and materially affect one's own life, but there are indirect effects that come from preserving the weakest parts of the society and paying attention to each other's needs instead of dreaming utopian escapes of news echo-chambers online and chasing after yet another consumer purchase.